MP Board 10th Science Model Paper 2027 — Full Paper With Solutions

This model paper follows the official MPBSE blueprint for Class 10th Science 2027. Theory: 75 marks in 3 hours. Internal assessment: 25 marks.

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Paper Structure

Section	Type	Marks
Section A	MCQ — 5 questions	5
Section B	Very Short Answer — 5 questions (2 marks)	10
Section C	Short Answer — 5 questions (3 marks)	15
Section D	Long Answer — 4 questions (4 marks)	16
Section E	Diagram/Experiment based	29

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SECTION A — MCQ (1 Mark Each)

Q1. The chemical formula for baking soda is:

(a) Na₂CO₃ (b) NaHCO₃ (c) NaOH (d) Na₂SO₄

Answer: (b) NaHCO₃ — Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)

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Q2. In the human eye, the image is formed on the:

(a) Cornea (b) Iris (c) Retina (d) Pupil

Answer: (c) Retina

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Q3. Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

(a) 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
(b) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
(c) Fe + S → FeS
(d) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O

Answer: (b) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂

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Q4. The unit of current is:

(a) Volt (b) Ohm (c) Ampere (d) Watt

Answer: (c) Ampere

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Q5. Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?

(a) Adrenaline (b) Thyroxine (c) Insulin (d) Estrogen

Answer: (c) Insulin — secreted by pancreas (beta cells of Islets of Langerhans)

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SECTION B — Very Short Answer (2 Marks Each)

Q6. What is a balanced chemical equation? Give an example.

Answer: A chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides (reactant and product side) is called a balanced chemical equation.

Example:
Unbalanced: H₂ + O₂ → H₂O
Balanced: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
(4 H atoms on each side, 2 O atoms on each side)

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Q7. Define refraction of light. State Snell's Law.

Answer: The bending of light when it passes from one medium to another medium of different optical density is called refraction.

Snell's Law: The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to sine of angle of refraction is a constant for a given pair of media.
sin i / sin r = n₂/n₁ = μ (refractive index)

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Q8. What is meant by heredity and variation?

Answer:
Heredity: The transmission of characters (traits) from parents to offspring through genes is called heredity. Example: Eye colour, blood group passed from parents.

Variation: The differences in characters among individuals of the same species or between parents and offspring are called variations. Example: Differences in height, skin colour among siblings.

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Q9. What are the two main functions of the kidneys?

Answer:

1. Excretion — Filter waste products (urea, uric acid, creatinine) from blood and excrete them as urine
2. Osmoregulation — Regulate water and salt balance in the body to maintain proper blood composition and blood pressure

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Q10. Define electric power. A bulb consumes 60 W at 220 V. Find the current through it.

Answer:
Electric Power: The rate at which electrical energy is consumed is called electric power.
P = VI = I²R = V²/R; SI unit: Watt (W)

Calculation:
P = VI → I = P/V = 60/220 = 0.27 Ampere

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SECTION C — Short Answer (3 Marks Each)

Q11. Explain the process of photosynthesis. Write the chemical equation and name four factors that affect it.

Answer:
Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants prepare food (glucose) using sunlight, CO₂ and water in the presence of chlorophyll.

Equation:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll)

Four factors affecting photosynthesis:

1. Light intensity — more light increases rate (up to a limit)
2. Carbon dioxide concentration — more CO₂ increases rate
3. Temperature — optimum temperature 25–35°C
4. Water availability — essential raw material; deficiency reduces rate

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Q12. What is Ohm's Law? Derive the formula for resistors connected in series.

Answer:
Ohm's Law: Current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference, at constant temperature.
V = IR

Resistors in Series:
Let R₁, R₂, R₃ be in series. Same current I flows through each.
V₁ = IR₁, V₂ = IR₂, V₃ = IR₃

Total voltage: V = V₁ + V₂ + V₃ = IR₁ + IR₂ + IR₃ = I(R₁ + R₂ + R₃)

Since V = IReq:
Req = R₁ + R₂ + R₃

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Q13. What are acids and bases? Write three differences between them.

Answer:
Acid: A substance that gives H⁺ ions in water. Example: HCl, H₂SO₄, CH₃COOH

Base: A substance that gives OH⁻ ions in water. Example: NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, NH₃

Property	Acid	Base
Taste	Sour	Bitter
pH	Less than 7	Greater than 7
Litmus test	Turns blue litmus red	Turns red litmus blue
Feel	—	Soapy/slippery

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SECTION D — Long Answer (4 Marks Each)

Q14. Describe the structure and working of the human heart. Include a labelled diagram.

Answer:
Structure:

• Four chambers: Right atrium, Right ventricle, Left atrium, Left ventricle
• Valves: Tricuspid (right side), Bicuspid/Mitral (left side), Semi-lunar valves (aorta and pulmonary artery)
• Pericardium: Double-walled protective covering

Working — Double Circulation:

Pulmonary circulation (right side):

1. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium from body via vena cava
2. Passes to right ventricle through tricuspid valve
3. Pumped to lungs via pulmonary artery for oxygenation

Systemic circulation (left side): 4. Oxygenated blood returns from lungs via pulmonary veins to left atrium 5. Passes to left ventricle through bicuspid valve 6. Pumped to entire body via aorta

Heartbeat: SA node (pacemaker) initiates electrical impulse → atria contract → AV node → ventricles contract. Rate: 72 beats/minute.

(Draw a four-chambered heart diagram with labels)

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Q15. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? Explain any two methods of vegetative reproduction in plants.

Answer:

Feature	Sexual	Asexual
Gametes	Required	Not required
Parents	Two	One
Genetic variation	Present	Absent
Examples	Flowering plants, animals	Bacteria, Hydra

Two methods of Vegetative Reproduction:

1. Stem Cuttings: A piece of stem with a node is planted in soil. Adventitious roots develop and the cutting grows into a new plant.
Examples: Rose, Sugarcane, Bougainvillea
Advantage: Identical plant produced; faster than seed germination

2. Budding: A bud from one plant is attached to the stem of another related plant (rootstock). The bud grows using nutrients from the rootstock.
Used in: Mango, apple, rose cultivation in horticulture
Advantage: Better quality fruit/flowers produced

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Practice Questions (Self Test)

1. Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron and explain nerve impulse transmission.
2. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
3. Explain the nitrogen cycle with a diagram.
4. A current of 2A flows through a resistor of 5Ω for 10 minutes. Find the heat generated.

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Chapter-Wise Weightage

Chapter	Marks
Chemical Reactions	10
Acids, Bases and Salts	8
Light — Reflection and Refraction	10
Electricity	10
Life Processes	10
Reproduction and Heredity	8
Natural Resources and Environment	7
Carbon Compounds	7
Metals and Non-Metals	5

Tip: MP Board 10th Science Section D long answers require diagrams. Always draw the human heart, eye, or neuron with neat labels — unlabelled diagrams get zero marks for the diagram part in MPBSE evaluation.